UZBEKISTAN

 Uzbekistan (uzbeksk. O'zbekiston) - State, located in Eurasia in the central part of Central Asia. Name of the State «The Republic of Uzbekistan» and «Uzbekistan» equivalent.  Uzbekistan is landlocked. Neighboring states - in the north-east of Kyrgyzstan, on the north and north-western Kazakhstan, in the southwest of Turkmenistan, on the south-eastern Tajikistan, in the south of Afghanistan. The border - 6621 km.

History 
Main article: History of Uzbekistan 
  
Samanid mausoleum in Samarkand 

The territory of Uzbekistan was inhabited until the X century AD mostly Iranian tribes, as evidenced by archeological finds of instruments of labor and monuments in Ferghana, Tashkent, Khorezm, Samarkand and Bukhara. The first states that emerged on the territory of modern Uzbekistan, Khorezm and Sogdiana were. Alexander the Great conquered Sogdiana and Bactria in 327 BC, married Roxana, daughter, a local ruler of Bactria (today Afghanistan). Resistance to invaders, it was fierce, forcing the army of Alexander to stay in the area. In the XIV century, the rules of Amir Timur (1336-1405). In his military campaigns, Amir Temur made significant progress. He defeated Ottoman Sultan's troops Bayazida I, thus saving Europe from the Ottoman invasion. A reason for the fall of the Mongolian empire. Amir Temur empire built capital in Samarkand. Today he is regarded as one of the greatest heroes in Uzbekistan. Since XIX century the Russian Empire beginning to expand in Central Asia. By the beginning of XX century, Central Asia was in the hands of Russia and, despite some resistance to the Bolsheviks in the early formation of the Soviet Uzbekistan and the rest of Central Asia became part of the Soviet Union. The Declaration of Independence of Uzbekistan adopted on August 31, 1991 Independence Day marked on 1 September. Constitution of Uzbekistan was adopted on December 8th, 1992.

Geography 
Main article: Geography of Uzbekistan 

The climate is continental. Average temperature - January (+4 ° C to -8 ° C), July (+22 ° C to +42 ° C). Mean annual rainfall in the plains - 90-580 mm, in mountainous areas - 460-910 mm. [3]. Length: longitude (north to south) 925 km., In latitude (from west to east) 1400 km. The territory of Uzbekistan varied, but much of the country's little space for Life: this is desert, steppe and mountains. Cities of Uzbekistan, which is focused around the lives of the people of this country are in the river valleys. 

UZBEKISTAN